https://www.journalajr2p.com/index.php/AJR2P/issue/feed 2026-05-26T11:31:35+00:00 Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics [email protected] Open Journal Systems <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics (ISSN: 2582-5992)</strong> aims to publish high-quality papers in all areas of 'physics'. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p> https://www.journalajr2p.com/index.php/AJR2P/article/view/220 2026-04-27T13:30:34+00:00 Jamiu Ariyo Rabiu Olanrewaju Abiodun Ibrahim Haruna Dangoje [email protected]

<p><strong>Aims</strong><strong>:</strong> The activities of coal mining exploration in Maiganga leads to environmental and health concerns due to the presence of naturally occurring radionuclides. The potential health risks associated with exposure to natural radionuclides in soil require thorough and constant investigation. The study evaluated the activity concentrations of some selected radionuclides (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) and assessed excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) in soil samples of Maiganga mining site.</p> <p><strong>Study Design: </strong>This study, was designed to evaluate the activity concentrations of some selected radionuclides (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) and assessed excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) in soil samples.</p> <p><strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong> Maiganga mining site, North-Eastern Nigeria between November 2024 and October 2025.</p> <p><strong>Methodology:</strong> A total of ten (10) soil samples were systematically collected within the mine sites. Using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectroscopic technique, the activity concentrations of some selected radionuclides (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) were determined.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that, the activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K was 241.01 Bqkg^-1 while ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th were below the limit of detection. The analysis of radiation risk parameters (Ra_eq, D, AEDE, AGDE, Hex, Hin and ELCR) were found to be: 43.51 Bqkg^-1, 21.43 nGyh^-1, 0.03 mSvy^-1, 151.03 µSvy^-1, 0.12, 0.14 and respectively.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concludes that, the study area is radiologically safe for both workers and the general public; since the radiation risk parameters were found to be below the recommended threshold values. Hence, continuous radiological assessment of the mining site is recommended to keep the potential radiation hazards as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).</p>

2026-04-27T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalajr2p.com/index.php/AJR2P/article/view/221 2026-05-20T12:56:16+00:00 Samson Dauda Yusuf [email protected] Friday Owoicho Audu

<p>The sorting of different products has been reported to be a very tedious industrial process, complex and a global problem. Manual sorting creates consistency issues and involves a lot of manpower with reduced efficiency and accuracy. This study presents an automatic sorting and counting device using an LGT8F328 microcontroller. The device uses a TCS320 RGB colour sensor, two servo motors and a serial terminal used to display the data read from the colour sensor. The circuit was simulated using Proteus ver8.2, and the prototype was developed and tested for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Results show that the device sensitivity is 96.72%, specificity 95.08% and accuracy 95.90%. This implies that the device can accurately count and sort out 96.72% of colours but will fail to identify 3.28% of the same. Also, the device's accuracy of 95.90% implies that counting and sorting using this device conforms to the standard, and we are 95.9% sure. This work holds some significant advantages and benefits across various industrial applications, such as efficiency and accuracy, time and labour saving, consistency and reliability, versatility, customisation and reduced human intervention. It is very useful in a wide variety of industries, along with the help of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, especially in the packaging section. An automatic sorting machine enhances efficiency, practicality, and safety of operators. It ensures remarkable processing capacity.</p>

2026-05-20T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalajr2p.com/index.php/AJR2P/article/view/222 2026-05-26T11:31:35+00:00 Abdulmumini Zubairu Loko Abubakar Hassan Samson Dauda Yusuf [email protected]

<p>This study investigates how different propagation environments influence the performance of Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems within a fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication framework using MATLAB-based simulation analysis. While many previous studies concentrated mainly on antenna scaling, limited attention has been given to the comparative influence of urban and rural propagation conditions under identical system configurations. To address this limitation, the present work evaluates the combined effect of antenna scaling and channel environment on communication performance using 8×8, 16×16, and 64×64 Massive MIMO antenna configurations. Urban communication conditions were modeled using Rayleigh fading channels to represent severe multipath and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) propagation, whereas rural environments were represented using Rician fading channels characterized by stronger Line-of-Sight (LOS) signal components. Random binary data streams were generated and transmitted using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques through the configured MIMO channels with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) applied across varying Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) levels. System performance was evaluated using Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and spectral efficiency. The simulation results revealed that increasing antenna configuration significantly improves communication reliability and signal quality across both propagation environments. BER values reduced progressively as antenna size increased from 8×8 to 64×64, while SNR and spectral efficiency improved correspondingly. The rural propagation environment consistently achieved lower BER and higher signal quality than the urban environment because of the stronger LOS signal component and reduced multipath interference. In contrast, urban environments experienced greater signal degradation due to severe scattering and fading effects, although larger antenna arrays substantially improved system stability under these conditions. The findings demonstrate that both antenna scaling and propagation environment strongly influence Massive MIMO performance in 5G communication systems. The study therefore provides additional insight into the design of environment-aware wireless deployment strategies capable of improving communication reliability and bandwidth utilization in heterogeneous propagation regions such as Nigeria.</p>

2026-05-26T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.