Hybrid Architectures for Topological Quantum Computation: Platform Integration, Device Engineering, and Scalability
Opeyemi Akanbi
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.
Adetoun Adunni Oginni
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada.
Monsuru Moshood
Department of Mathematical Engineering, Ball State University, USA.
Quadri Adewuyi
Division of Energy, Matter and Systems, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA.
Boluwatife Oluwasegun
*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.
Joshua Ejeka
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, USA.
Enoch Nii-Okai
Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, USA.
Olutoye Ransome-Kuti
College of Business Administration, Applied Computer Science, Westcliff University, California, USA.
Adetola Hassan-Kuti
Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, UK.
Augusta Imomon
Smart EdTech Program, Université Côte d'Azur, France.
Michael Adelere
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.
Akinsanmi Ige
Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, UK.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Hybrid systems have emerged as one of the most promising pathways toward realizing fault-tolerant topological quantum computation. Although topological phases such as fractional quantum hall states and chiral superconductors host non-Abelian anyons capable of supporting protected quantum information, yet, no single physical platform currently satisfies all the requirements for scalable, controllable, and universal quantum computation. Hybrid systems, which are formed by integrating complementary physical ingredients such as superconductivity, strong spin–orbit coupling, magnetic textures, correlated electron states, and engineered lattice geometries, offer an avenue to overcome these limitations. This review provides hybrid engineering strategies that examine topological quantum computation, beginning with foundational principles of topological phases, anyon models, and braiding-based quantum information processing. We then survey major hybrid platforms, including semiconductor–superconductor nanowires, quantum Hall–superconductor interfaces, magnetic–superconductor systems, and Floquet-engineered topological structures. Across these platforms, we analyze mechanisms for realizing non-Abelian quasiparticles, the current state of experimental progress, and the challenges associated with disorder, quasiparticle poisoning, gap protection, and device scalability, while also evaluating a roadmap/framework for comparing the platforms with regard to device and scalability criteria. We also discuss theoretical proposals for achieving universality beyond Majorana zero modes, including parafermions and Fibonacci anyons in hybrid architectures. By mapping the landscape of materials, designs, and physical mechanisms that enable topological quantum computation, this review highlights the key scientific breakthroughs achieved so far and the critical directions required to transform hybrid systems into a practical quantum technology.
Keywords: Topological quantum computation, hybrid quantum devices, majorana zero modes, proximity superconductivity, quantum hall–superconductor interfaces, device scalability, floquet engineering